Circulation：孕妇过重对于后代在成年期有负面健康影响

我们都知道，怀孕期间过重的孕妇会生出过重的孩子，但是近日，来自美国华盛顿大学和耶路撒冷大学的研究者表示，妇女在怀孕期间和怀孕之前如果体重过重的话，后代在其一生中将会有长期的健康影响。研究者发现母亲超重和后代趋向超重直接存在正相关效应，而且孕妇超重还可以导致后代出现别的健康风险，比如高血压、高血糖以及高血脂。相关研究成果已于近日刊登在了国际著名杂志Circulation上。

研究者的研究结果基于对1974-1976年出生在耶路撒冷的1400名研究对象的临床信息进行分析而得；数据中包含了研究对象的出生数据（目前在怀孕前、怀孕期间的体重以及出生后孩子的体重）。研究者又收集了实验组32岁人的当前临床数据，包括体重、血压、血糖以及血脂数据，另外又测定了研究人群的身体质量指数（bidy mass index，BMI）。

通过分析数据，研究者发现了过重母亲对于孩子体重的影响很明显，可以明显引起孩子过重以及影响孩子的其它风险因素，因此研究者得出结论，避免后代过重的方法就是减少孕妇在怀孕前以及怀孕期间的体重。过重妇女所生14公斤的孩子比一般妇女生出9公斤重的孩子有明显高的BMI值。而且过重孕妇所生孩子的髋部宽度接近10厘米，比一般孕妇孩子的髋部宽度要大的多。

后期研究者又进行了血糖和血脂水平的比较，发现过重妇女的孩子在预期寿命和健康状况上均不如一般妇女所生孩子。当然在比较过程中，一些附加因素也会影响这种现象，包括母亲和孩子相似的遗传特点、怀孕期间孕妇所处的环境，研究者表示，这些因素对于后期的综合研究也是很有价值的。

最后，研究者Orly Manor表示，通过研究，我们就能看出导致过重和其它健康影响因子的一些因素，这就给我们一些暗示，以后在生活中采取一些措施来降低孕妇在怀孕前和怀孕期间的体重，这样对后代的健康将会有大的帮助。

（生物谷：T.Shen编译）

doi:10.1161/​CIRCULATIONAHA.111.070060
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Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain With Adult Offspring Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Hagit Hochner, PhD; Yechiel Friedlander, PhD; Ronit Calderon-Margalit, MD; Vardiella Meiner, MD; Yael Sagy, MPH; Meytal Avgil-Tsadok, PhD; Ayala Burger, MSc; Bella Savitsky, MPH; David S. Siscovick, MD; Orly Manor, PhD

Background—Accumulating evidence demonstrates that both maternal prepregnancy body mass index (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adult offspring adiposity. However, whether these maternal attributes are related to other cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood has not been comprehensively studied.

Methods and Results—We used a birth cohort of 1400 young adults born in Jerusalem who had extensive archival data and clinical information at 32 years of age to prospectively examine the associations of mppBMI and GWG with adiposity and related cardiometabolic outcomes. Greater mppBMI, independently of GWG and confounders, was significantly associated with higher offspring BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, insulin, and triglycerides and with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. For example, the effect sizes were translated to nearly 5 kg/m2 higher mean BMI, 8.4 cm higher waist circumference, 0.13 mmol/L (11.4 mg/dL) higher triglycerides, and 0.10 mmol/L (3.8 mg/dL) lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among offspring of mothers within the upper mppBMI quartile (mppBMI >26.4 kg/m2) compared with the lower quartile (mppBMI <21.0 kg/m2). GWG, independently of mppBMI, was positively associated with offspring adiposity; differences of 1.6 kg/m2 in BMI and 2.4 cm in waist were observed when offspring of mothers in the upper (GWG >14 kg) and lower (GWG <9 kg) quartiles of GWG were compared. Further adjustment for offspring adiposity attenuated the observed associations to the null.

Conclusions—Maternal size both before and during pregnancy is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in young adult offspring. The associations appear to be driven mainly by offspring adiposity. Future studies that explore mechanisms underlying the intergenerational cycle of obesity are warranted to identify potentially novel targets for cardiometabolic risk-reduction interventions.