JCO:Dacomitinib优于厄洛替尼?

2012-12-13 JCO JCO

       新一代EGFR抑制剂        LUX-Lung 3期试验比较了HER家族不可逆的抑制剂阿法替尼与标准化疗在未经治疗的晚期EGFR突变阳性的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中的效果。阿法替尼和“新一代EGFR抑制剂”同可逆的、特异的EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(比如埃罗替尼和吉非替尼)相比,是否能

       新一代EGFR抑制

       LUX-Lung 3期试验比较了HER家族不可逆的抑制剂阿法替尼与标准化疗在未经治疗的晚期EGFR突变阳性的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者中的效果。阿法替尼和“新一代EGFR抑制剂”同可逆的、特异的EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(比如埃罗替尼和吉非替尼)相比,是否能够提供更显著的临床益处呢?

       研究摘要

       Ramalingam及其同事开展了一项2期随机试验,在接受过EGFR抑制剂首次治疗的晚期NSCLC患者中直接比较dacomitinib和厄洛替尼,该研究同北美的多数不具有EGFR突变活性的患者显著相关。(J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:3337-3344)

       该研究纳入了188例接受过非EGFR靶向治疗的化疗的患者。除了基线体力状态评分2(dacomitinib组19例,厄洛替尼组3例)、出现EGFR突变(dacomitinib组19例,厄洛替尼组11例)、接受过2两种化疗方案的患者数目(dacomitinib组40例,厄洛替尼组29例)因素外,两个试验组较均衡。所有研究对象按1:1随机分组,分别口服dacomitinib 45mg/日或厄洛替尼15mg/日。该研究的主要终点是无进展生存期(PFS)。

NSCLC:Dacomitinib优于厄洛替尼?
 

       
多个试验参数显示dacomitinib更有优势。应答率分别为17.0 vs 5.3%(P=0.011),临床获益结合病情稳定超过24周的客观应答率分别为29.4% vs 14.9%(P=0.014),同时,dacomitinib组的应答持续时间也更有优势(16.6月 vs 9.2月)。Dacomitinib 组的PFS有统计学优势(中位PFS,29.月 vs 1.9月;HR,0.66;P=0.012)。重要的是,几乎在所有临床和分子亚型中显示PFS获益,包括KRAS突变阳性患者(中位PFS,3.7月 vs 1.9月;HR,0.55;P=0.006),KRAS和EGFR野生型(中位PFS,2.2月 vs 1.8月;HR,0.61;P=0.043),EGFR突变阳性患者(虽然两组中位PFS均为7.4月,但是HR为0.46更利于dacomitinib组,P=0.098)。两组的总生存期(OS)无统计学显著差异,但是dacomitinib组的中位OS较厄洛替尼组长2个月(9.5月 vs 7.4月;HR,0.80;P=0.205)。

       面临的挑战主要是dacomitinib组较高的毒性反应,包括腹泻(73% vs 48%),痤疮样皮炎(64% vs 57%),口腔炎(29% vs 11%),甲沟炎(26% vs 8%),和其他不常见的副作用。另外,Dacomitinib组需要减少剂量(41% vs 17%)的患者和停药(7例 vs 2例)的患者较多。

       评论

       如果dacomitinib的毒性反应可被降低的话将是肺癌的希望。事实上,该药物在广泛的NSCLC人群中要优于厄洛替尼,尤其是在KRAS突变和/或EGFR野生型患者中,这证明dacomitinib或许会使一个有价值的治疗选择。我们期待正在进行的研究dacomitinib 和厄洛替尼的3期随机双盲试验的结果,在它成为接受过治疗的晚期NSCLC患者姑息治疗的一个有效选择之前,对于临床医生来说学习如何管理该药物的副作用是很重要的。





Purpose 
This randomized, open-label trial compared dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR)/HER1, HER2, and HER4, with erlotinib, a reversible EGFR inhibitor, in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Patients and Methods 
Patients with NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2, no prior HER-directed therapy, and one/two prior chemotherapy regimens received dacomitinib 45 mg or erlotinib 150 mg once daily.
Results 
One hundred eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned. Treatment arms were balanced for most clinical and molecular characteristics. Median progression-free survival (PFS; primary end point) was 2.86 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 1.91 months for patients treated with erlotinib (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.91; two-sided P = .012); in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors, median PFS was 3.71 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 1.91 months for patients treated with erlotinib (HR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.85; two-sided P = .006); and in patients with KRAS wild-type/EGFR wild-type tumors, median PFS was 2.21 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 1.84 months for patients treated with erlotinib (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.99; two-sided P = .043). Median overall survival was 9.53 months for patients treated with dacomitinib and 7.44 months for patients treated with erlotinib (HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.13; two-sided P = .205). Adverse event-related discontinuations were uncommon in both arms. Common treatment-related adverse events were dermatologic and gastrointestinal, predominantly grade 1 to 2, and more frequent with dacomitinib.
Conclusion 
Dacomitinib demonstrated significantly improved PFS versus erlotinib, with acceptable toxicity. PFS benefit was observed in most clinical and molecular subsets, notably KRAS wild-type/EGFR any status, KRAS wild-type/EGFR wild-type, and EGFR mutants.



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