金黄色葡萄球菌-话题@MedSci

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

60篇内容 | 3024人围观

关注话题

话题活跃用户

#插入话题

插入图片

最新最热

[GetTopicListResponse(id=1305029, encodeId=79e1130502929, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Front Microbiol：山奈酚可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成, objectType=article, longId=135389, objectId=e4b51353890d, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=e4b51353890d, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=65, createdTime=2018-04-16, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=e4b51353890d, moduleTitle=Front Microbiol：山奈酚可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=e4b51353890d)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305028, encodeId=2d2713050280c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=PLoS One：大量宿主蛋白质因植体表面金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜而差异表达, objectType=article, longId=134841, objectId=edc51348416e, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=edc51348416e, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=59, createdTime=2018-04-12, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=edc51348416e, moduleTitle=PLoS One：大量宿主蛋白质因植体表面金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜而差异表达, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=edc51348416e)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305027, encodeId=ed03130502e5f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Front Microbiol：脂磷壁酸抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成, objectType=article, longId=134033, objectId=cdc213403388, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=cdc213403388, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=64, createdTime=2018-04-03, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=cdc213403388, moduleTitle=Front Microbiol：脂磷壁酸抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=cdc213403388)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305026, encodeId=802213050261f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Emerg Microbes Infect：中国上海金黄色葡萄球菌ST188的感染分析, objectType=article, longId=133997, objectId=2af013399e1f, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=2af013399e1f, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=76, createdTime=2018-04-03, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=2af013399e1f, moduleTitle=Emerg Microbes Infect：中国上海金黄色葡萄球菌ST188的感染分析, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=2af013399e1f)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305025, encodeId=e1f5130502542, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Lancet：利福平辅助治疗是否对金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者有益？, objectType=article, longId=132306, objectId=e819132306d7, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=e819132306d7, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=85, createdTime=2018-03-15, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=e819132306d7, moduleTitle=Lancet：利福平辅助治疗是否对金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者有益？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=e819132306d7)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305024, encodeId=aa9a130502463, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Genome Med：耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌进化新进展, objectType=article, longId=132113, objectId=5359132113b3, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=5359132113b3, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=64, createdTime=2018-03-13, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=5359132113b3, moduleTitle=Genome Med：耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌进化新进展, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=5359132113b3)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305023, encodeId=923313050236a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Lancet：利福平辅助治疗对金黄色葡萄球菌感染效果不佳, objectType=article, longId=123584, objectId=69b812358439, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=69b812358439, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=65, createdTime=2017-12-17, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=69b812358439, moduleTitle=Lancet：利福平辅助治疗对金黄色葡萄球菌感染效果不佳, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=69b812358439)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305022, encodeId=227b130502210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=JAMA Intern Med：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：使用循证医疗流程能否降低死亡率？, objectType=article, longId=117277, objectId=710f11e27735, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=710f11e27735, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=80, createdTime=2017-10-25, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=710f11e27735, moduleTitle=JAMA Intern Med：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：使用循证医疗流程能否降低死亡率？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=710f11e27735)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305021, encodeId=746d1305021d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Clin Infect Dis:新倡议能否改善金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者的治疗质量, objectType=article, longId=108883, objectId=33aa1088832d, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=33aa1088832d, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=82, createdTime=2017-08-17, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=33aa1088832d, moduleTitle=Clin Infect Dis:新倡议能否改善金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者的治疗质量, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=33aa1088832d)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305020, encodeId=a1b01305020ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=J Nanobiotechnology：新型纳米材料可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的生长, objectType=article, longId=108385, objectId=b40d108385db, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=b40d108385db, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=77, createdTime=2017-08-12, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=b40d108385db, moduleTitle=J Nanobiotechnology：新型纳米材料可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的生长, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=b40d108385db)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305019, encodeId=939413050195e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=J Infect：类风湿性关节炎患者：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症猛于虎, objectType=article, longId=103138, objectId=52ad10313894, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=52ad10313894, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=53, createdTime=2017-06-25, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=52ad10313894, moduleTitle=J Infect：类风湿性关节炎患者：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症猛于虎, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=52ad10313894)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305018, encodeId=ffe21305018cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Clin Microbiol Infect：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：联合抗菌治疗效果如何？, objectType=article, longId=102667, objectId=e4be10266e39, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=e4be10266e39, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=60, createdTime=2017-06-22, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=e4be10266e39, moduleTitle=Clin Microbiol Infect：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：联合抗菌治疗效果如何？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=e4be10266e39)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305017, encodeId=0383130501ef8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Crit Care Med：ICU中成人耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌预防的建议, objectType=article, longId=98090, objectId=4dce98090bb, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=4dce98090bb, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=69, createdTime=2017-05-09, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=4dce98090bb, moduleTitle=Crit Care Med：ICU中成人耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌预防的建议, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=4dce98090bb)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305016, encodeId=76b61305016bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Front Cell Infect Microbiol：金黄色葡萄球菌感染研究进展, objectType=article, longId=96880, objectId=ac9596880e3, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=ac9596880e3, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=57, createdTime=2017-04-26, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=ac9596880e3, moduleTitle=Front Cell Infect Microbiol：金黄色葡萄球菌感染研究进展, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=ac9596880e3)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305015, encodeId=fee71305015d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=J Intern Med：减少心血管事件，金黄色葡萄球菌是如何做到的？, objectType=article, longId=78878, objectId=e22be88782b, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=e22be88782b, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=63, createdTime=2016-09-30, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=e22be88782b, moduleTitle=J Intern Med：减少心血管事件，金黄色葡萄球菌是如何做到的？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=e22be88782b)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305014, encodeId=a7ae1305014b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Sci Signal：首次揭示金黄色葡萄球菌耐受高盐浓度机制, objectType=article, longId=75427, objectId=c512e5427d6, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=c512e5427d6, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=66, createdTime=2016-08-20, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=c512e5427d6, moduleTitle=Sci Signal：首次揭示金黄色葡萄球菌耐受高盐浓度机制, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=c512e5427d6)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305013, encodeId=525b130501335, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=Nature：重组抗生素药物可以有效治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染, objectType=article, longId=58610, objectId=b647586108a, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=b647586108a, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=57, createdTime=2015-11-12, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=b647586108a, moduleTitle=Nature：重组抗生素药物可以有效治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=b647586108a)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305012, encodeId=2a041305012dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=JAMA：金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况, objectType=article, longId=45053, objectId=fb314505359, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=fb314505359, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=79, createdTime=2015-01-07, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=fb314505359, moduleTitle=JAMA：金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=fb314505359)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305011, encodeId=55f8130501144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的ICU预防策略, objectType=article, longId=42631, objectId=29114263193, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=29114263193, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=76, createdTime=2014-11-16, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=29114263193, moduleTitle=耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的ICU预防策略, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=29114263193)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1305010, encodeId=875d1305010d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b8896242d4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#金黄色葡萄球菌#</a>, objectTitle=PNAS：控制金黄色葡萄球菌致病力的代谢传感器, objectType=article, longId=42382, objectId=b5ee4238276, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=b5ee4238276, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=62, createdTime=2014-11-12, rootId=0, userName=jambiya, userId=2c25323, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=b5ee4238276, moduleTitle=PNAS：控制金黄色葡萄球菌致病力的代谢传感器, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=b5ee4238276)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0)] 梅斯话题小助手

金黄色葡萄球菌

2020-05-29

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Front Microbiol：山奈酚可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的形成

2018-04-16

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

PLoS One：大量宿主蛋白质因植体表面金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜而差异表达

2018-04-12

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Front Microbiol：脂磷壁酸抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成

2018-04-03

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Emerg Microbes Infect：中国上海金黄色葡萄球菌ST188的感染分析

2018-04-03

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Lancet：利福平辅助治疗是否对金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者有益？

2018-03-15

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Genome Med：耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌进化新进展

2018-03-13

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Lancet：利福平辅助治疗对金黄色葡萄球菌感染效果不佳

2017-12-17

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

JAMA Intern Med：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：使用循证医疗流程能否降低死亡率？

2017-10-25

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Clin Infect Dis:新倡议能否改善金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者的治疗质量

2017-08-17

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

J Nanobiotechnology：新型纳米材料可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的生长

2017-08-12

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

J Infect：类风湿性关节炎患者：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症猛于虎

2017-06-25

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Clin Microbiol Infect：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：联合抗菌治疗效果如何？

2017-06-22

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Crit Care Med：ICU中成人耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌预防的建议

2017-05-09

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Front Cell Infect Microbiol：金黄色葡萄球菌感染研究进展

2017-04-26

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

J Intern Med：减少心血管事件，金黄色葡萄球菌是如何做到的？

2016-09-30

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Sci Signal：首次揭示金黄色葡萄球菌耐受高盐浓度机制

2016-08-20

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

Nature：重组抗生素药物可以有效治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染

2015-11-12

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

JAMA：金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况

2015-01-07

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的ICU预防策略

2014-11-16

jambiya (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#金黄色葡萄球菌#

PNAS：控制金黄色葡萄球菌致病力的代谢传感器

2014-11-12

科室
- - 订阅+
  - 更多科室
工具
服务