阴茎-话题@MedSci

#阴茎#

106篇内容 | 3245人围观

关注话题

话题活跃用户

#插入话题

插入图片

最新最热

[GetTopicListResponse(id=1293924, encodeId=28c7129392493, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：阿魏草根提取物对阴茎勃起功能障碍作用研究, objectType=article, longId=165204, objectId=0b8a1652045a, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=0b8a1652045a, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=89, createdTime=2019-05-01, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=0b8a1652045a, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：阿魏草根提取物对阴茎勃起功能障碍作用研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=0b8a1652045a)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293923, encodeId=5a82129392319, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：患有慢性疾病和恶性肿瘤的男性不太可能因阴茎勃起功能障碍寻求治疗, objectType=article, longId=165039, objectId=8f76165039d7, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=8f76165039d7, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=72, createdTime=2019-04-28, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=8f76165039d7, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：患有慢性疾病和恶性肿瘤的男性不太可能因阴茎勃起功能障碍寻求治疗, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=8f76165039d7)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293922, encodeId=b4e01293922b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Sci Rep：血清高敏C反应蛋白水平与阴茎勃起功能障碍相关性研究, objectType=article, longId=164982, objectId=3ff716498216, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=3ff716498216, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=66, createdTime=2019-04-27, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=3ff716498216, moduleTitle=Sci Rep：血清高敏C反应蛋白水平与阴茎勃起功能障碍相关性研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=3ff716498216)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293921, encodeId=80041293921e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：阴茎大小：外科医生都测量了什么？, objectType=article, longId=164404, objectId=9e8916440416, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=9e8916440416, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=81, createdTime=2019-04-18, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=9e8916440416, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：阴茎大小：外科医生都测量了什么？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=9e8916440416)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293920, encodeId=a1f1129392011, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：三件套可膨胀型阴茎支撑体外科手术术后闭合式抽吸引流结果分析, objectType=article, longId=163349, objectId=d61f16334953, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=d61f16334953, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=65, createdTime=2019-04-02, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=d61f16334953, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：三件套可膨胀型阴茎支撑体外科手术术后闭合式抽吸引流结果分析, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=d61f16334953)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293919, encodeId=446e1293919d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：AMS™ LGX 700®充气阴茎假体移植后真空疗法评估, objectType=article, longId=160898, objectId=67c016089880, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=67c016089880, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=78, createdTime=2019-02-25, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=67c016089880, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：AMS™ LGX 700®充气阴茎假体移植后真空疗法评估, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=67c016089880)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293918, encodeId=bc04129391802, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：缺血性阴茎异常勃起治疗实践, objectType=article, longId=160516, objectId=43ea16051694, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=43ea16051694, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=106, createdTime=2019-02-21, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=43ea16051694, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：缺血性阴茎异常勃起治疗实践, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=43ea16051694)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293917, encodeId=08a4129391ec4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：达泊西汀/西地那非组合药片治疗早泄和伴随的阴茎勃起功能障碍效果的安全性研究, objectType=article, longId=160389, objectId=bbd2160389a8, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=bbd2160389a8, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=55, createdTime=2019-02-18, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=bbd2160389a8, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：达泊西汀/西地那非组合药片治疗早泄和伴随的阴茎勃起功能障碍效果的安全性研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=bbd2160389a8)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293916, encodeId=321e1293916e0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：颈动脉内中膜厚度能够预测阴茎勃起功能障碍患者对磷酸二酯酶5抑制剂的响应, objectType=article, longId=159949, objectId=23821599499b, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=23821599499b, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=58, createdTime=2019-02-14, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=23821599499b, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：颈动脉内中膜厚度能够预测阴茎勃起功能障碍患者对磷酸二酯酶5抑制剂的响应, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=23821599499b)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293915, encodeId=7e3a12939151f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：低强度体外震波疗法治疗阴茎勃起功能障碍的临床研究, objectType=article, longId=159504, objectId=aec81595044d, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=aec81595044d, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=64, createdTime=2019-02-06, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=aec81595044d, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：低强度体外震波疗法治疗阴茎勃起功能障碍的临床研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=aec81595044d)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293914, encodeId=04d71293914a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：阴茎头注射玻尿酸来治疗早泄研究, objectType=article, longId=157675, objectId=3a9f15e675bf, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=3a9f15e675bf, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=104, createdTime=2019-01-11, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=3a9f15e675bf, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：阴茎头注射玻尿酸来治疗早泄研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=3a9f15e675bf)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293913, encodeId=dd0b129391345, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=NCCN临床实践指南：阴茎癌（2019.V1）, objectType=article, longId=156624, objectId=c95f15662446, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=c95f15662446, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=28, createdTime=2018-12-26, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=c95f15662446, moduleTitle=NCCN临床实践指南：阴茎癌（2019.V1）, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=c95f15662446)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293912, encodeId=d27012939129a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：低强度冲击波治疗能够减轻男性阴茎勃起功能障碍, objectType=article, longId=154376, objectId=e4631543e6fd, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=e4631543e6fd, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=74, createdTime=2018-11-27, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=e4631543e6fd, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：低强度冲击波治疗能够减轻男性阴茎勃起功能障碍, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=e4631543e6fd)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293911, encodeId=e409129391164, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=产前超声诊断重复阴茎畸形1例, objectType=article, longId=153529, objectId=bdc8153529ca, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=bdc8153529ca, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=63, createdTime=2018-11-16, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=bdc8153529ca, moduleTitle=产前超声诊断重复阴茎畸形1例, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=bdc8153529ca)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293910, encodeId=852a12939103b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：具有正常总睾丸酮男性中，游离睾酮与阴茎勃起功能障碍严重度相关, objectType=article, longId=152743, objectId=803a152e4306, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=803a152e4306, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=82, createdTime=2018-11-05, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=803a152e4306, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：具有正常总睾丸酮男性中，游离睾酮与阴茎勃起功能障碍严重度相关, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=803a152e4306)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293909, encodeId=6bf11293909e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：高能量密度饮食对阴茎海绵体影响的研究, objectType=article, longId=151882, objectId=0ac5151882a3, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=0ac5151882a3, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=62, createdTime=2018-10-27, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=0ac5151882a3, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：高能量密度饮食对阴茎海绵体影响的研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=0ac5151882a3)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293908, encodeId=58be12939088f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：慢性氏菌病患者阴茎勃起功能障碍研究, objectType=article, longId=148657, objectId=8ecf14865e84, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=8ecf14865e84, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=103, createdTime=2018-09-13, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=8ecf14865e84, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：慢性氏菌病患者阴茎勃起功能障碍研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=8ecf14865e84)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293907, encodeId=ca42129390e47, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：2型糖尿病男性阴茎勃起功能障碍的流行度和相关性分析, objectType=article, longId=147506, objectId=313214e50617, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=313214e50617, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=31, createdTime=2018-08-28, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=313214e50617, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：2型糖尿病男性阴茎勃起功能障碍的流行度和相关性分析, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=313214e50617)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293906, encodeId=7e88129390623, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：肾移植受体患者阴茎勃起功能障碍的低强度冲击波治疗研究, objectType=article, longId=147290, objectId=408914e290fe, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=408914e290fe, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=70, createdTime=2018-08-25, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=408914e290fe, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：肾移植受体患者阴茎勃起功能障碍的低强度冲击波治疗研究, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=408914e290fe)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1293905, encodeId=6a7412939051c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdf29e54396' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阴茎#</a>, objectTitle=Int J Impot Res：精液中的活性氧种类水平与阴茎勃起功能相关, objectType=article, longId=146624, objectId=9b34146624f8, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=9b34146624f8, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=61, createdTime=2018-08-16, rootId=0, userName=dingxiaobo, userId=930e243, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=9b34146624f8, moduleTitle=Int J Impot Res：精液中的活性氧种类水平与阴茎勃起功能相关, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=9b34146624f8)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0)] 梅斯话题小助手

阴茎

2020-05-29

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：阿魏草根提取物对阴茎勃起功能障碍作用研究

2019-05-01

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：患有慢性疾病和恶性肿瘤的男性不太可能因阴茎勃起功能障碍寻求治疗

2019-04-28

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Sci Rep：血清高敏C反应蛋白水平与阴茎勃起功能障碍相关性研究

2019-04-27

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：阴茎大小：外科医生都测量了什么？

2019-04-18

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：三件套可膨胀型阴茎支撑体外科手术术后闭合式抽吸引流结果分析

2019-04-02

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：AMS™ LGX 700®充气阴茎假体移植后真空疗法评估

2019-02-25

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：缺血性阴茎异常勃起治疗实践

2019-02-21

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：达泊西汀/西地那非组合药片治疗早泄和伴随的阴茎勃起功能障碍效果的安全性研究

2019-02-18

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：颈动脉内中膜厚度能够预测阴茎勃起功能障碍患者对磷酸二酯酶5抑制剂的响应

2019-02-14

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：低强度体外震波疗法治疗阴茎勃起功能障碍的临床研究

2019-02-06

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：阴茎头注射玻尿酸来治疗早泄研究

2019-01-11

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

NCCN临床实践指南：阴茎癌（2019.V1）

2018-12-26

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：低强度冲击波治疗能够减轻男性阴茎勃起功能障碍

2018-11-27

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

产前超声诊断重复阴茎畸形1例

2018-11-16

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：具有正常总睾丸酮男性中，游离睾酮与阴茎勃起功能障碍严重度相关

2018-11-05

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：高能量密度饮食对阴茎海绵体影响的研究

2018-10-27

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：慢性氏菌病患者阴茎勃起功能障碍研究

2018-09-13

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：2型糖尿病男性阴茎勃起功能障碍的流行度和相关性分析

2018-08-28

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：肾移植受体患者阴茎勃起功能障碍的低强度冲击波治疗研究

2018-08-25

dingxiaobo (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#阴茎#

Int J Impot Res：精液中的活性氧种类水平与阴茎勃起功能相关

2018-08-16

科室
- - 订阅+
  - 更多科室
工具
服务